Chapter 13. Key Takeaways. regulated mass media, new media gave individuals the ability to set agendas and influence public opinion (Benett & Segerberg, 2011). The major media companies are now global conglomerations - transnational corporations (TNCs) with a presence in many countries. an early model in mass communication research that attempted to explain media effects by arguing that the media figuratively shoot their powerful effects into unsuspecting or weak audiences; sometimes called the bullet theory or direct effects model, Linear communication theory, passive audience, no individual difference. In 1987, the FCC abolished the fairness doctrine, prompting some to urge its reintroduction through . The act, signed into law on February 8, 1996, was "essentially bought and paid for by corporate media lobbies," as Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting (FAIR) described it, and radically "opened the floodgates on mergers." For more original Truthout election coverage, check out our election section, "Beyond the Sound Bites: Election 2016." 40. The murder rate in the United States has never been higher than it is right now. Examples of electronic surveillance include: wiretapping, bugging, videotaping; geolocation tracking such as via RFID, GPS, or cell-site data; data mining, social media . television, radio, or other media that transmit audio and/or video content to the public. the fcc was created by congress in the communications act for the purpose of "regulating interstate and foreign commerce in communication by wire and radio so as to make available, so far as possible, to all the people of the united states, without discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, or sex, a rapid, efficient, Free Speech and the Regulation of Social Media Content Congressional Research Service 2 advertising space,13 among other things.14 Thus, social media sites engage in a wide variety of activities, at least some of which entail hostingand creatingconstitutionally protected speech. 36. Benefits of Deregulation. The Act, signed by President Bill Clinton, represented a major change in American telecommunication law, since it was the . (Check as many as apply. The print, recorded music, and film industries are generally oligopolies; television is generally monopolistic competition; and live event ticketing is essentially a monopoly. Media bias is the bias of journalists and news producers within the mass media in the selection of many events and stories that are reported and how they are covered. . As of this writing, the story of the 2016 elections is not yet complete and neither is the media's role in it. The fairness doctrine of 1949 . Brand X Internet Servs., 545 U.S. 967 (2005) The Telecommunications Act of 1996 was the first significant overhaul of United States telecommunications law in more than sixty years, amending the Communications Act of 1934. Younger generations promoted the use of social media to . Hardcover. Important conversations happen on social media everyday. The difference between traditional media and social networking is that social platforms Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, etc are already FREE and the content is provided by other users, hence content doesn't require sponsorship to ensure continued content is available to . Suggested Retail Price: $165.00. Media outlets have responded to the increasing reliance of Americans on . The fairness doctrine of the United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC), introduced in 1949, was a policy that required the holders of broadcast licenses both to present controversial issues of public importance and to do so in a manner that fairly reflected differing viewpoints. 15.7 Media Influence on Laws and Government. all of these Which of the following propositions is most accurate? This section explores several areas of . Chapter 13: Ethical Issues in Media 37. "Off the record" is an understanding between media and sources that direct quotes, source names, or identifying information cannot be provided in any media coverage. Many of these networks are controlled by large, for-profit corporations that reap revenue from advertising, subscriptions, and the sale of copyrighted material. Research evidence has accumulated over the past half-century that . the media openly supported the Bush administration in the immediate aftermath of the attacks but later criticized President Bush's approach to Iraq (this was due to the fact that Americans were in a state of mass hysteria in the immediate aftermath of 9/11, causing nationalism to skyrocket; Bush's provisions for increased national security, despite infringing upon citizens's rights of privacy . Free media plays an important role in influencing political discourse during elections. a. open media. 13.1 Ethics of Mass Media 38. When free and balanced, traditional media (print and broadcast) foster transparency and the determination of important electoral information. -The government has also regulated ownership of media outlets to ensure that no one broadcaster monopolizes the market. The "contents" of a communication consists of any information concerning the identity of the parties, or the existence, substance, purport, or meaning of the communication. 8.2. Looking beyond the repercussions for a generation born on social media, these platforms remain an essential way for marketers to reach their audiences. Social media has drastically shifted the way journalists do their jobs, from changing the way they receive information and story ideas to shifting how they share those stories. Social media offers journalists increased access to content. Societies and violent extremists actively wage "war" on the Internet. Broadcast media is any method of one-to-many communication that can reach a very large audience from a single source. Chapter 14: Mass Media Moving Forward . But social media content regulation has been the exclusive focus of this analysis. A majority (55%) say that the role social media companies play in delivering the news on their sites results in a worse mix of news. 36. The two step flow model - argues that 'opinion leaders' influence how audiences interpret the media, thus there are 'two . 15.3 The Law and Mass Media Messages. It is one of the most commonly used approaches by the media, in. Chapter 13: Ethical Issues in Media 37. Horizontal and vertical integration. 13.2 News Media and Ethics . radio content. b. Under this theory, the issues that receive the most attention from media become the issues that the public discusses, debates, and demands action on. Pursuant to Commission rules adopted . The audience is very powerful and can play very instrumental role in regulating what the media publishes or produces. Human biases play an important role: Since we're more likely to react to content that taps into our . Philip M. Napoli, Social Media and the Public Interest: Media Regulation in the Disinformation Age (2019) [hereinafter Social Media and the Public Interest]. Aside from the massive interest that the general public has with crime and criminals, people want to know how those crimes are discovered and dealt with by the system . We discuss these modes of control as well. . a. Media and Technology in Society. In 1944, he called for an open system of news sources and transmission, and minimum of government regulation of the news. Media briefings are not normally meant for broadcasting. 12.3 The Law and Mass Media Messages XIII. A . Describe the evolution and current role of different media, like newspapers, television, and new media. The murder rate in the United States has never been lower than it is right now. The book is an ideal text for public policy and the media as well as media and society courses with an economic perspective taught in Media Studies, Communication, Business, Journalism, Film Studies, Political Studies, and Economics programs. Tucker: Social media itself is neither inherently good nor bad for democracy, but it can be either depending on who is using it and for what ends. 13.1 Ethics of Mass Media 38. Hardcover. b. public ownership. Agenda-Setting Theory. Available Formats. It began after 9/11. media became an effective tool to inform the global public when traditional media outlets failed to do so (Brown, Guskin & Mitchell, 2012). 12.2 Government Regulation of Media 35. Since there is more competition in the market, it improves innovation and increases market growth as businesses compete with each other. c. government media. Which of the following is true of government efforts to block publication or airing of a story, often on national security grounds a. Agenda setting is the theory that the more attention a media outlet pays to a certain phenomenon, the more importance the public attributes to such an issue (Terrorism and the Media . 15.4 Censorship and Freedom of Speech. 41 terms. When media outlets are run by the government and paid for via tax dollars, it is called a. open media. The International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) reports that social media offers several important advantages over traditional forms of media. The fairness doctrine of the United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC), introduced in 1949, was a policy that required the holders of broadcast licenses both to present controversial issues of public importance and to do so in a manner that fairly reflected differing viewpoints. When social media first burst onto the political scene about a decade ago, it was hailed as " liberation technology " that would spread democracy around the globe. Demonstrate awareness of the social homogenization and social fragmentation that are occurring via modern society's use of technology and media. For better or worse the mass media are having an enormous impact on our children's values, beliefs, and behaviors. Following are three key ways social media in journalism has changed the way reporters work. 13.2 News Media and Ethics 39. Most Americans get their information about government from the news media because it would be impossible to gather all the news themselves. It stimulates economic activity because it eliminates restrictions for new businesses to enter the market, which increases competition. Celebrities have been an important aspect of United States culture since its founding. Broadcast license requirements c. The now defunct fairness doctrine d. The concentration act . The Media: Types of Media | SparkNotes. When media outlets are run by the government and paid for via tax dollars, it is called. Media self-regulation normally comes in the form of the ethics and codes of practice that govern the profession. Similarly, social media also possesses very different characteristics from the media that have come before it. 12.3 The Law and Mass Media Messages XIII. In the media, you can come out looking objective and with a "pass" if you use this technique while still destroying your enemy. Begun as a way of clearing laws to make the FCC run more efficiently and cost effectively, deregulation truly took off with the arrival of the Reagan administration and its new FCC chairman, Mark Fowler, in 1981. Only a small share (15%) say it results in a better mix of news, while about three-in-ten (28%) think their efforts make no real difference. Question 1 5 out of 5 points Identify which of the following statement(s) is/are true based on the course materials. ISBN: 9780761930952. -Since the 1980s, however, the government has loosened restrictions on media ownership, and Congress passed the Telecommunications Act in 1996 to allow companies to own even more media outlets. C. 32. regulates the media industry, provides direct subsidies and advertising rev-enues to media outlets, restricts access to newsprint and information collec-tion, and harasses journalists. Despite differences between the two areas, many media laws involve First Amendment protections. 15.5 Ownership Issues in the Mass Media. According to Diefenbach's research, depression only accounted for 7 percent of the psychiatric disorders shown on TV. First, we studied whether the media displays bias by the stories they choose to cover. Suggested Retail Price: $165.00. Yahoo! 13.3 Ethical Considerations of the Online World XIV. Media briefing are less an opportunity for "news" and . Broadcasting frequencies are limited and are carefully regulated by governments. The major media companies are now global conglomerations - transnational corporations (TNCs) with a presence in many countries. Horizontal and vertical integration. 12.2 Government Regulation of Media 35. President Nixon had bought the tapes. cheap, tabloid-style newspaper produced in the nineteenth century, when mass production of inexpensive newspapers first became possible due to the steam-powered printing press; a penny press cost one cent compared to other papers, which cost more . Similar breach notification provisions implemented and enforced by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), apply to vendors of personal . In the words of Marshall McLuhan in his book "Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man", the medium is the message. The Watergate scandal revealed that. A. 6. Partial credit is available for this question.) 36. 13.2 News Media and Ethics . Regulation of political ads on social media, whether by the platforms themselves or government actors, needs to take into account that allowing candidates to microtarget ads while at the same time refraining from factchecking their .

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