All were found guilty and eleven were sentenced to death, including the Commandant Johann Pauls. The first trial was held from 25 April to 31 May 1946, against 30 ex-officials and prisoner-guards of the camp. Found guilty of war crimes and sentenced to death. The Best Medical History Books Everyone Should Rea, The Lovers of Valdaro A Double Burial From Neolithic Italy. Although young, he remembers becoming part of an indispensable group of 300 prisoners who spent a year repairing railway tracks at junctions blown up by Allied forces. As a Jewish boy from Germany, the young Goldberg had already been deported to Latvia before being sent to Stutthof for slave labour. In 1962, the former concentration camp with its remaining structures, was turned into a memorial museum. Eventually, the Stutthof camp system became a network of forced-labor camps. [1], The original camp (known as the old camp) was surrounded by the barbed-wire fence. The Stutthof concentration camp is less well known than the camps at Auschwitz, Buchenwald or Dachau. [19][20][21], Historian Joachim Neander argued that, contrary to some claims made in the previous years, what the Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) calls the "chemical substance which was essentially soap"[22] was the byproduct of Spanner's bone maceration processes done to create anatomical models at the Danzig Anatomical Institute, where he worked and which was not part of the Stutthof camp. Former SS guard of Nazi camp, 92, to go on trial in Germany The SS in Stutthof began conscripting women from Danzig and the surrounding cities in June 1944, to train as camp guards because of their severe shortage after the women's subcamp of Stutthof called Bromberg-Ost (Konzentrationslager Bromberg-Ost) was set up in the city of Bydgoszcz. Germany: Accused Nazi camp guard dies, ending case against him The first contingent of 2,500 Jewish prisoners arrived from Auschwitz in July 1944. Set up immediately upon Germany's September 1, 1939 invasion of Poland and not liberated until after official German capitulation in 1945, Stutthoff handled over 100,000 prisoners during its long service. She also personally selected women and children for the gas chambers, on one occasion, in 1944, sending 3,000 to their death. Between 1933 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its allies established more than 44,000 camps and other incarceration sites (including ghettos). Read about our approach to external linking. [12] On February 25, 2019, it was announced that the trial is unlikely to be restarted due to the poor health conditions of the defendant. It is also the last camp liberated by the Allies (May 10th 1945). File : Biskupia Gorka executions - 14 - Wikipedia The sixth and the last Stutthof trial in Poland took place in 1953 also in Gdask. The death sentences were carried out on July 4, 1946 at the Biskupia Grka in Gdask, by short-drop hanging.[3]. The commandant of the Stutthof and Neuengamme concentration camps SS-Sturmbannfhrer Max Pauly was sentenced to death in Germany at about the same time. Hitler shot his brains out in despair. The only survivor who gave evidence in person to the Furchner trial, Josef Salomonovic, described it as the worst of eight concentration camps he was forced to endure. DW sends out a daily selection of hard news and quality feature journalism. She kicked the prisoners and literally walked over people. It was also the final camp liberated by the Allies in May 1945. That same summer, Irmgard Furchner had begun working in the camp commander's headquarters as a shorthand typist. Ackermann, who delivered the lamp, said that its base was made from a human foot and shinbone and the shade had tattoos and even nipples. Nazi concentration camp in present-day Sztutowo, Poland, "Stutthof" redirects here. [2], In 1953 the court in Gdask tried SS-man Bielawa (SS Rottenfhrer Paul Bielawa, a prisoner guard from the 3rd company in Stutthof between 194145)[1] and sentenced him to twelve years. [3], A range of German organisations and individuals used Stutthof prisoners as forced laborers. Jenny-Wanda Barkmann - Liberation Route Europe Prisoners sent straight to gas chambers didn't receive anything. Photo by Polish authorities (4 July 1946). Two weeks later, on September 15th 1939 . Sadistic Koch - known as the Witch of Buchenwald - was just one of many women who murdered, maimed and tortured Jewish prisoners in the Holocaust. Stutthof concentration camps women forced labor death marches. It was during this time as a slave labourer that he met lifelong friend Zigi Shipper. From left to right: Jenny-Wanda Barkmann, Ewa Paradies, Elisabeth Becker, Wanda Klaff, and Gerda Steinhoff. Former SS guard, 94, weeps at testimony of Holocaust survivors The girl was later declared dead by camp doctors. Stutthof was a Nazi concentration camp established by Nazi Germany in a secluded, marshy, and wooded area near the village of Stutthof (now Sztutowo) 34km (21mi) east of the city of Danzig (Gdask) in the territory of the German-annexed Free City of Danzig. Again, hundreds of prisoners were forced into the sea and shot. Those whom the SS guards judged too weak or sick to work were gassed in the camp's small gas chamber. HAMBURG, Germany A German court on Thursday found a former Nazi SS camp guard guilty of 5,232 counts of accessory to murder and one case of accessory to attempted murder equal to the number. The second trial was held from 8 October to 31 October 1947, before a Polish Special Criminal Court. Babysitter 'with black heart' filmed herself sexually abusing toddler before sending video to her paedophile lover, Piers Morgan slams 'disgusting' 500 parking charges for NHS staff as Grant Shapps admits 'something's gone wrong'. Bruno Dey, a 93-year-old former SS guard at the Stutthof concentration camp near what is now . It comprised eight barracks for the inmates and a "Kommandantur" for the SS guards, totaling 120,000 square metres (1,300,000sqft). German Court Sentences Ex-Concentration Camp Secretary to Probation Irmgard Furchner, who was in her late teens when she worked in the Stutthof camp, was convicted as the authorities make a. Inside of the barbed wire fences, horror and brutality was administered by the SS. The execution of guards of the Stutthof concentration camp on July 4th 1946. Bothe was sentenced to 10 years in prison for war crimes. In 1944, as forced labor by concentration camp prisoners became increasingly important in armaments production, a Focke-Wulff airplane factory was constructed at Stutthof. Set up immediately upon Germanys September 1, 1939 invasion of Poland and not liberated until after official German capitulation in 1945, Stutthoff handled over 100,000 prisoners during its long service. Basic Information", "Review of Profesor Rudolf Spanner 1895-1960. [20][21], Lista osob Straconych w wiezieniach Polskich w latach 1944 1956 , IPN, 1990, Zaoga obozu Stutthof (Staff of Stutthof concentration camp), "Odpowiedzialno za zbrodnie popenione w Stutthofie. Detainees had to walk the long distance towards Germany as the Nazi Eastern Front crumbled. Austrian Maria Mandl was one of the most notorious SS officers at Auschwitz, where she personally sent over 500,000 female prisoners to the gas chamber. [1] 4,000 prisoners, including Jewish women and children, were killed in a gas chamber before the evacuation of the camp. The event drew an immense crowd of approximately 200,000 people, and due to humanitarian concerns, authorities refrained from organizing further public executions. English: Execution of Stutthof concentration campoverseers at Biskupia Grka(from left to right): Jenny-Wanda Barkmann, Ewa Paradies, Elisabeth Becker, Wanda Klaffand Gerda Steinhoff, further the guard SS-OberscharfhrerJohann Pauls(the chief of the work detail "Waldkolonne") and Polish kapos Date 4 July 1946 Source Stutthof was a Nazi concentration camp established by Nazi Germany in a secluded, marshy, and wooded area near the village of Stutthof (now Sztutowo) 34 km (21 mi) east of the city of Danzig in the territory of the German-annexed Free City of Danzig.The camp was set up around existing structures after the invasion of Poland in World War II and initially used for the imprisonment of Polish . Female guards of the Stutthof Concentration Camp at a Gdask war trial held before the Special Law Court between 25th April and 31st May of 1946, Poland. Jenny-Wanda Barkmann - Europe Remembers Selection of monographs in PDF, Memorial to the Victims of the Stutthof Concentration Camp, Monografia KL Stutthof (KL Stutthof monograph), Zbrodnie hitlerowskie w obozie koncentracyjnym Stutthof: liczba ofiar w wietle rde i bada: prba bilansu, SS Main Economic and Administrative Office, International Youth Meeting Center in Owicim/Auschwitz, Rescue of Jews by Poles during the Holocaust, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stutthof_concentration_camp&oldid=1141333869, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2018, Articles needing additional references from December 2020, All articles needing additional references, Articles with Polish-language sources (pl), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Matzkau in Makowy (now within city limits of Gdask), This page was last edited on 24 February 2023, at 14:55. [11], Several Norwegian Waffen SS volunteers worked as guards or as instructors for prisoners from Nordic countries, according to senior researcher at the Norwegian Center for Studies of Holocaust and Religious Minorities, Terje Emberland. She also personally hanged young female prisoners and beat two women to death with a leather whip. Support the channel by subscribing, liking, and sharing. Quiz: How well do you know US presidents? Some 65,000 of them died as victims of the Nazis, by starvation, typhoid, lethal injection or gas. Koryski told the court it "was no secret" that people were being killed in the camp's gas chamberbefore being burned, because of the smell that spread through the barracks. PD-Polish Public Domain. The 93-year-old faces 5,230 counts of accessory to murder. [7], On 5 May 1945, a barge full of starving prisoners was towed into harbour at Klintholm Havn in Denmark where 351 of the 370 on board were saved. Dave, After the war a number of war crimes trials took place called the Stutthof Trials, and following these there were a number of executions. All opinions and comments and dialogue should discuss the video above in a historical manner.TheUntoldPast does not accept any racism, profanity, insults, sexism or any negative discussion aimed at an individual. Stutthof was the first camp outside German borders, in operation from 2 September 1939, and the last camp liberated by the Allies on 9 May 1945. Eleven defendants including the former commander, Johann Pauls, were sentenced to death. In late April 1945, the remaining prisoners were removed from Stutthof by sea, since Stutthof was completely encircled by Soviet forces. [2][5], The fourth trial was also held before a Polish Special Criminal Court, from November 19, 1947, to November 29, 1947. . Who is Rod Ponton and why has he gone viral? [3], The camp was established in connection with the ethnic cleansing project that included the liquidation of Polish elites (members of the intelligentsia, religious and political leaders) in the Danzig area and Western Prussia.[1]. Trials begin of former SS guard and secretary at Stutthof concentration SS-Sturmbannfhrer Max Pauly was put on trial by a British military court in Germany but not for the crimes committed at Stutthof; only as the commandant of the Neuengamme concentration camp in Hamburg. The infamous main entrance to Stutthof became known as the Death Gate, Irmgard Furchner was given a two-year suspended jail term for complicity in murder, Zigi Shipper and Manfred Goldberg came from different countries but were able to communicate in Yiddish, Nazi typist guilty of complicity in 10,500 murders, Harry: I always felt different to rest of family, Chris Rock jokes about Oscars slap in Netflix show, Everything Everywhere wins big ahead of Oscars, PM to end asylum claims from small boat arrivals, US-made cheese can be called 'gruyere' - court, Mbappe breaks PSG goal record in win over Nantes. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. On a huge hill in Gdansk, the condemned guards including Jenny-Wanda Barkmann were executed on a huge gallows and it was said that around 200,000 people witnessed the executions of the former concentration camp guards.Join us today as we look at, 'The JUSTIFIED Executions Of The Guards Of Stutthof Concentration Camp.' Six Polish prisoners, known as kapos, who oversaw forced labor within the camp. [2] Pauly was tried by the British for war crimes with thirteen others in the Curio Haus in Hamburg which was located in the British occupied sector of Germany. Finally, in January 1942, Stutthof became a regular concentration camp. In early 1945 he survived a "death march" to the west after being freed by the Red Army. Prosecutors say he was a "cog" in Nazi Germany's "murderous machinery." The remainder were sentenced to various terms of imprisonment. Some 28,000 of those who died were Jews. Little is known about her life, but it is a known fact that in 1944 she became- Aufseherin, a female-guard, in the women's section of Stutthof concentration camp. Thousands of SS guards were granted transfers from camps to field service, said Stefan Hrdler, yet Dey had remained at Stutthof until April 1945. Germany: Ex-Nazi camp guard dies, ending case against him Your email address will not be published. The prisoners were mainly non-Jewish Poles. The camp in Nazi-occupied Poland was opened on September 2, 1939, one day after the German . Now 97, she has been found guilty of aiding and abetting the murders of more than 10,500 detainees. Go and do the same, you BNP piece of sh-t. You are fucking FILTH! Here we look at the horrendous role these guards - known as Aufseherins, or female overseers - played during the War. S tutthof is 34 km from Danzig and was the first concentration camp created by the Nazis outside of the country of Germany (September 2nd. In July, Bruno Dey, a 93-year-old former SS guard at Stutthof was convicted of aiding in the murder of 5,230 people, most of them Jews. [17][3] Prisoners were also drowned in mud or clubbed to death. Asia Shindelman said many prisoners had to walk hundreds of kilometres with little clothing for the cold weather. She is believed to have spent her childhood in Hamburg, Germany. He was found guilty and sentenced to death with 11 other defendants. "You did not seek a way out," the judge said. It was in 1943 that Stutthof's population of detainees was dramatically enlarged, from a capacity of 4,000 to 25,000. The former nurse took a four-week training course and was sent as an overseer to the Stutthof camp near Danzig.. In recent years, prosecutors have successfully convicted former death camp guards using the argument that by helping to operate camps like Auschwitz and Sobibor, they were accessories to the. The prosecution accuses her of participating in the murder of inmates in the Stutthof concentration camp in present-day Poland, where she worked as a typist and secretary to the camp commander . 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Not all the female guards were monsters - with many sharing food and clothing with inmates at considerable risk to themselves. In another cruel punishment - known as making sport - she ordered prisoners to strip before making them perform strenuous exercise in full view of other prisoners, before being beaten. "We were beaten constantly, the whole time, even while working," Koryski told the Hamburg District Court. Tens of thousands of people, perhaps as many as 100,000, were deported to the Stutthof camp. National Socialism is destruction , terror, repression, waste, and death. had worked as a secretary at the Stutthof concentration camp was charged with . [1] Another method of execution practiced in Stutthof was lethal injection of phenol. Ten were sentenced to death. While I was standing, she kicked me in my back, causing me to fall. Buffalo shooting - 'Gunman' Gregory Ulrich 'held grudge against docs for refusing him painkillers' before killing nurse. "I was told by the museum that the Nazis laid explosives around the buildings and set them on a timer to explode after they had evacuated, but the timer malfunctioned. Thirty-four female guards including Becker, Bothe, Steinhoff, Paradies, and Barkmann were identified later as having committed crimes against humanity. you are right, they should have been soaked in gasoline and torched right before they were hanged. In total, 21 women who worked in the concentration camps faced the gallows. RIDING through the grounds of Buchenwald concentration camp in Germany, Ilse Koch spotted a tattooed prisoner and pointed him out to a nearby guard - sealing his gruesome fate. Jenny-Wanda Barkmann was born on May 30, 1922, in Hamburg. Arraigned 24 ex-officials and guards of the Stutthof concentration camp were judged and found guilty. [12], The first 150 inmates, imprisoned on 2 September 1939, were selected among Poles and Jews arrested in Danzig immediately after the outbreak of war. It is estimated that around 65,000 people were murdered during the Holocaust in the Stutthof concentration camp, near the Polish city now called Gdansk. Why Are There Superstitions Around Black Cats? Arraigned 20 ex-officials and guards were judged; 19 were found guilty, and one was acquitted. Naukowiec w III Rzeszy [Professor Rudolf Spanner 1895-1960: A Scientist in the Third Reich], Piotr Semkw", Soap from Human Fat: The Case of Professor Spanner, "The Danzig Soap Case: Facts and Legends around "Professor Spanner" and the Danzig Anatomic Institute 1944-1945", "Zakoczono ledztwo w gonej "sprawie profesora Spannera", "Human Fat Was Used to Produce Soap in Gdansk during the War", "Stutthof (Sztutowo): Full Listing of Camps, Poland", "Holocaust trial: Germany tries former SS guard at Stutthof camp", "Johann Rehbogen: Former SS guard, 94, on trial over deaths at Stutthof concentration camp", "German court stops trial of former death-camp guard", "German court: Trial of Nazi guard unlikely to be restarted", "Former Nazi camp guard to go on trial in Hamburg", "Nazi concentration camp guard convicted over 5,232 murders", "96-Year-Old Former Nazi Death Camp Secretary Goes on Trial Over Murders of 11,000 People - October 20, 2021", "German Court to Try 96-Year-Old Over Time at Nazi Concentration Camp", "German Court Convicts 97-Year-Old Ex-Secretary At Nazi Camp - December 20, 2022", "Poland asked to explain naked Nazi gas chamber video", "Outrage Over Naked Game of Tag Played in Nazi Gas Chamber", "Outrage Over Museum's Video-Art Display of a Nude Game of Tag in Gas Chamber", Stutthof National Museum. A much higher total was reported by Colonel Howard A. Buechner, the chief medical officer of the 45th Infantry Division, who was at the camp during and after the liberation. But the Buchenwald Memorial Foundation says two credible witnesses, Austrian prisoner Dr. Gustav Wegerer, who ran the infirmary, and Josef Ackermann, a political prisoner and secretary of the camp doctor, confirmed the existence of the lamp. In total, 23,566 Jews (including 21,817 women) were transferred to Stutthof from Auschwitz, and 25,053 (including 16,123 women) from camps in the Baltic states. [4], Stutthof was the first German concentration camp set up outside German borders in World WarII, in operation from 2 September 1939. 1939). The 99-year-old, who has not been identified, is thought to have worked as a guard at the Ravensbrck concentration camp between 1943 and 1945, authorities said. wikipedia.en/Identification_of_inmates_in_German_concentration_camps.md Rising to the rank of supervisor at 19, she also worked at Auschwitz and Belsen, where she was arrested by British forces in 1945. To support our channel, please make sure to subscribe. She was sentenced to death, alongside Bormann and Grese, after being found guilty of crimes against humanity. BERLIN (AP) A 92-year-old former SS private will go on trial this fall in Germany on 5,230 counts of being an accessory to murder, accused of helping the Nazis' Stutthof concentration camp Last modified on Tue 6 Nov 2018 18.34 EST. Overseeing working parties that left the camp ln slave labour, she would attack women who became too sick or weak. Shortly before the German surrender, some prisoners were transferred to Malm, Sweden, and released into the care of that neutral country. American survivor Asia Shindelman, who testified via video link, said she had been taken there with her parents, uncle and grandmother and witnessed prisoners being thrown by guards into electrified fences. Germany: death of a suspected supervisor of a Nazi camp, under Often described as one of historys cruellest women, Elizabeth Volkenrath selected thousands of women and children to be sent to the gas chambers. The people who did this and all adults who watched it (I notice there are even very young children watching, says a lot about the sort of people perpetrating these disgusting CRIMES) should be tried and punished. Sign up here. At Ravensbruck and Majdanek, Braunsteiner whipped women to death and was said to have thrown children by their hair onto trucks that took them to their deaths in gas chambers. Stutthof - ID Cards/Oral Histories | Holocaust Encyclopedia As the Nazis consolidated their power in the 1930s, many younger people like Barkmann became enthralled by the Fuhrer and joined the Hitler Youth and other equivalents. In December, a 97-year-old former Nazi camp secretary was found guilty of being complicit in the murder of over 10,000 people at the Stutthof concentration camp that was located in occupied Poland. per group (up to 3) Private Shore Excursion: Tour of Gdansk and visit Stutthof Concentration Camp. [10], In November 2018, Johann Rehbogen from Borken was tried in court for serving at Stutthof camp from June 1942 to September 1944. Again, hundreds of prisoners were forced into the sea and shot. PoznaGniezno 2011, page 131 . It was also the last camp liberated by the Allies, on 9 May 1945. The lamp disappeared after the SS leadership found out. Explore a timeline of events that occurred before, during, and after the Holocaust. One witness said: I was working in the kitchen at Birkenau (Auschwitz) when I saw a woman, whose daughter was in an adjoining camp, go to the dividing wire in order to speak to her daughter. At the subsequent trial, liberated prisoners said Grese - dubbed the Beautiful Beast - tortured prisoners both physically and emotionally and enjoyed shooting prisoners in cold blood. Established on September 2, 1939, Stutthof was the first concentration camp outside German borders during World War II. Medycyna na usugach systemu eksterminacji ludnoci w Trzeciej Rzeszy i na terenach okupowanej Polski. Arraigned 27 ex-officials and guards were judged; 26 were found guilty, and one was acquitted. Read more:Nazi guard testifies about Stutthof concentration camp, To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 video. They were cut off by advancing Soviet forces. [13], In October 2019, Bruno Dey from Hamburg was accused of contributing to the killings of 5,230 prisoners at Stutthof camp between 1944 and 1945. Stutthof camp: Woman, 95, accused of aiding Nazi mass murder Read more:Poland moves to make it illegal to say 'Polish death camps'. She committed suicide in 1967. Former Nazi SS Camp Guard, 94, Goes on Trial in Germany Shortly before the German surrender, some prisoners were transferred to Malmo, Sweden, and released to the care of that neutral country. She died in 2000. Another prisoner said Bormann grabbed another female prisoner by the hair, threw her to the ground and ordered dogs to bite her so severely that she was a mass of blood. The woman died at the scene. Several lesser known trials followed against the staff of various concentration camps. During the Second World War, there were a huge network of concentration camps established by the Third Reich. His testimony is part of a court case against a 93-year-old former guard. As the wife of Commandant SS Col Karl Koch, Isle Kochs extreme sadism meant she was as feared as any of the Nazi leaders. [23][22][29], The main German concentration camp in Stutthof had as many as 40 sub-camps during World War II. Identification of inmates in German concentration camps Its unknown why she would voluntarily seek work at a concentration camp so late in the war, but it was likely due to some misplaced sense of nationalism. Marching in severe winter conditions and treated brutally by SS guards, thousands died during the march. A Guide to Female Nazi Guards - Holocaust Matters Rajiv Kapoor family: Who is Rajiv Kapoor's ex-wife Aarti Sabharwal and did they have any children? "I was first in Stutthof in August '43 for close to a month and then two other [camps] before I returned at the end of 1944 for a second time," he told the BBC. It has been estimated that around half of the evacuated prisoners, over 25,000, died during the evacuation from Stutthof and its subcamps. [37] On 23 July 2020, he was given a two-year suspended sentence by the court in Hamburg. After evading capture for a few months, she was recognized and arrested in May 1945. 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place, SW Established on September 2, 1939, Stutthof was the first concentration camp outside German borders during World War II. Found guilty by a British Military Tribunal, she was sentenced to death and hanged on December 13 1945, aged 52. Numbers []. [1][2] The actual barracks were built the following year by prisoners. Female Nazi concentration camp secretary charged with complicity in [2], During the first trial held at Gdask from April 25, 1946, to May 31, 1946, the joint Soviet/Polish Special Criminal Court tried and convicted of crimes against humanity a group of thirteen ex-officials and overseers of the Stutthof concentration camp in Sztutowo and its Bromberg-Ost subcamp for women located in the city of Bydgoszcz.