Further tidying up and smoothing over the grave take place within the week. The EU's External Democracy Action in a New Geopolitical Reality: Policy Brief. Industrial Arts. Since independence, a relatively few Acholi army officers have managed to accumulate substantial fortunes, as have a few traders. In 2009, Acholi was one of the six Ugandan languages identified as having more than one A Study of the Acooli Language: Grammar and Vocabulary. The state is a form of human association distinguished from other social groups by its purpose, the establishment of order and security; its methods, the laws and their enforcement; its territory, the area of jurisdiction or geographic boundaries; and finally by its sovereignty . Social Control. Hansen, Holger B., and Michael Twaddle, eds. Political Organization. The Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) under the leadership of Joseph Kony has waged a war against Yoweri Museveni's government. Odongo, J. M. Onyango-ku-, and J. All members of the household acknowledge the authority of its head, the husband; each wife or other adult female in the household has traditionally had her own fields, granaries, and kitchen or cooking hut. Ceremonies. )[9], "Since independence in 1962, Uganda has been plagued by ethnically driven, politically manipulated violence referred to by some as a history of 'cycles of revenge and mistrust'. Even in this . 30. (1991). By the mid-nineteenth century, about 60 small chiefdoms existed in eastern Acholiland. Recognized compensation and reconciliation procedures seem to have often limited or prevented serious conflict, especially among neighboring chiefdoms within the same zone. Ruhakana Rugunda, the Ugandan minister of internal affairs and leader of the government negotiating team, noted the effectiveness of the traditional system. with the British and those who managed to obtain Western education. jok ). Numbering between 400 and 500 by the turn of the twentieth century, these exogamous groups claim descent from a common ancestor (although means exist to incorporate many types of "outsiders" as well) and have special lineage shrines, ritual ceremonies, praise-calls, and totems. Tonga traditional local forms of organisation were based on smaller units, often only consisting of The most common domestic animals are (and have long been) chickens and goats, with some cattle, especially in the dryer portions of Acholi. The men were skilled hunters, using nets and spears. - CORE They also oversaw village-lineage ritual and chiefdomwide ritual, were the main advisors to their rwot, and were responsible for most of the social control exercised in Acholi. Bor Lango Shilluk Acholi Similarly, when Yoweri Musevenis National Resistance Army (NRA) took power in 1986, there were revenge killings and looting of livestock in the north of the country. Mothers are responsible for the initial care of their children and for much of their socialization. The Acholi are proud and loud, but have been exposed as a group without a uniting leadership. Men have also traditionally played a significant role in agriculture, especially for such time-limited, labor-intensive tasks as clearing, planting, and harvesting (often as part of lineage-based cooperative labor teams). deaths. [23] This resulted in resistance building up in the region and soon a host of rebel groups sprang up in the north. Nairobi: East African Literature Bureau. "Some Notes on Acholi Religious Ceremonies." Inheritance. others who benefited from the new dispensation, including collaborators [11], After defeating Okello and his Acholi-dominated Uganda National Liberation Army, now-President Yoweri Museveni and his National Resistance Army conducted revenge killings in the north. Traditionally, land rights were vested in localized patrilineal lineages, under the control and guidance of lineage heads and elders. Acholi, also spelled Acoli, also called Gang or Shuli, ethnolinguistic group of northern Uganda and South Sudan. In precolonial Acholi, lineage heads and elders were most responsible The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Divorce, which can occur for numerous reasons, is not uncommon and may or may not involve return of the bride-wealth; children, as members of the father's lineage, usually either stay with the father or return to him later. southern part of the country relatively young. Graduating Essay, Department of History, Makerere University (Kampala). During the colonial period, political leadership in Acholi was contested among those with traditional leadership qualifications and others who benefited from the new dispensation, including collaborators with the British and those who managed to obtain Western education. point to the most recent violent conflict was the overthrow of the Okello-led government by the The civil war devastated the lives and livelihoods of the Acholi people of the north. NRA in 1986. and tributes paid to them. Most political organizations take the form of a voluntary association of persons or organizations that pools its members' and constituents' financial and other resources, and engages in conventional political actions to affect policy-making outcomes. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. Central to the new order were a set of notions about political leadership in which chiefs (rwodi; sing, rwot ) shared power and decision making with the heads of chiefdoms' constituent lineages; a system of redistributive tribute within each polity, with the chief at the center; and royal, often rainmaking, drums as symbols of sovereignty and authority. "In 1997, the Catholic, Anglican, Muslim, and later the Orthodox religious leaders of Acholi formalized their increasing cooperation on peace issues by setting up the Acholi Religious Leaders' Peace Initiative (ARLPI). Most prominent among them was the Uganda People's Army (UPA) in Teso and Lango sub region, the West Nile Bank Frontiers (WNBF) in the West Nile region, the Uganda People's Democratic Army, the Holy Spirit Movement and the LRA in the Acholi region. Acholi Quarter in Kampala, for example, is largely populated by formerly rural Acholi from Northern Uganda, uprooted by years of conflict and now caught in a situation of prolonged displacement. Even though the recent history of conflict can in some ways be tracked all the way back to the The Canadian government, for instance, will be more inclined to fund an organisation whose mandate is continental Africa rather than an association with a very narrow focus on Acholi problems. came a new hierarchy of chiefs, clerks, and policemen, all under the [16] In addition, the people have important rituals for cleansing homes and sites, to welcome back people who have been away a long time, to clear spirits from places where killings have occurred, and to welcome people who have been captive. "[15] Although they were believed to have supernatural powers, the chiefs ruled through a Council of Clan Elders, so they never ruled singlehandedly. interpolity interactions at the county level. Customary leadership of the Acholi was severely affected by the long conflict in Northern Uganda, when many Acholi people lived in IDP camps for as long as 20 years. The combination of the two events, have put pressure on the LRA to lay down its arms. Religious Practitioners. The Acholi, a Nilotic Lwo-speaking ethnic group, live predominantly in the central region of northern Uganda, an space collectively named to known as Acholiland. Political Organization Defined A political organization subject to Code section 527 is a party, committee, association, fund or other organization (whether or not incorporated) organized and operated primarily for the purpose of directly or indirectly accepting contributions or making expenditures, or both, for an exempt function. This period of increased contact with non-Acholi accelerated the time was critical to the social and political development of the region. Identification. [13] The refugees in the camps have also been subject to raids by both LRA and government forces.[10]. London: James Currey. //